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SUPPLEMENT TO GENETIC AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF GENEALOGY
BY F. M. LANCASTER
SEPTEMBER 2006 (updated February 2015)
The main purpose of the following supplement is to anticipate and answer those questions most frequently asked about the genetic and quantitative aspects of genealogy and relationships. A secondary aim is to enlarge on certain specialised topics, which were only briefly covered in the monograph, but which may be of further interest. The following sections, which are summarised in the introduction below, give more information in both these areas. However, I would like to stress that my specialist subject is genetics and that any complicated enquiries related to marriage laws and intestate wills should be addressed to a qualified legal expert.
Contents
GENETIC AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF GENEALOGY This monograph is mainly concerned with the classification, graphic representation, measurement and coding of human relationships. It also explains the significance and harmful consequences of inbreeding. Other aspects of genealogy included are: generation intervals, legal constraints on the marriage of relatives and present rules for the inheritance of property. |
Acceptable and non-acceptable levels of inbreeding
The effects of inbreeding on the children of cousin marriages
Longevity and generation intervals
The direct relationship paradox
Calculation of the coefficient of relationship (R) for sex-linked genes
Calculation of the coefficient of inbreeding (F) for sex-linked genes
Case histories of intestate wills
Extension of coding for relationships
Calculating the coefficient of inbreeding by coancestry
Examples of unusual relationships and genealogical rarities
List of Tables
Table 1 Acceptable and non-acceptable levels of inbreeding in human populations
Table 2 Coefficients of relationship between various degrees of cousins
Table 5 Removed cousins and other intergeneration collateral relationships
Table 6 Coefficients of relationship when all the genes are either sex-linked or autosomal
Table 7 F values of female progeny for sex-linked genes
Table 8 Incidence of sex-linked colour blindness
Table 9 Incidence of haemophilia
Table 10 Coding for non-reciprocal intergeneration doubles (regular)
Table 11 Coding for non-reciprocal intergeneration doubles (irregular)
Table 12 Coding for enhanced half sib doubles(all irregular)
Table 13 Coding for reciprocal cross - gneration double relatives
Table 14 Coding for double relationships caused by inbreeding
List of Figures
Figure 1 Four generation pedigree
Figure 2 Five generation pedigree
Figure 3 Six generation pedigree
Figure 4 Diagram showing loss of ancestors caused by a first cousin marriage
Figure 6 Y chromosome and mitochondrial inheritance
Figure 7 Parent and child relationships for sex-linked genes
Figure 8 Full sib relationships for sex-linked genes
Figure 9 Paternal half sib relationships for sex-linked genes
Figure 10 Maternal half sib relationships for sex-linked genes
Figure 11 Paternal uncle and aunt relationships for sex-linked genes
Figure 12 Maternal uncle and aunt relationships for sex-linked genes
Figure 13 Patrilateral ortho-cousins
Figure 14 Matrilateral ortho-cousins
Figure 15 Patrilateral cross-cousins
Figure 16 Matrilateral cross-cousins
Figure 17 First and second cousins
Figure 19 Modified diagram for full sibs
Figure 20 Modified diagram for half sibs
Figure 21 First cousin marriages
Figure 22 Uncle-niece marriages
Figure 23 Double first cousin marriage
Figure 24 Close inbreeding (full sibs)
Figure 25 Stylised Representation of Branching Direct Lines
Figure 26 General Representation of Direct Relationships
Figure 27 Single Direct Relationships
Figure 28 Regular Double Direct Relationships
Figure 29 Regular Multiple Direct Relationship
Figure 30 Octuple Great Great Grandfather(Three generations of full sib mating.)
Figure 31 John of Gaunt to Margaret Tudor (R = 0.0624)
Figure 32 Queen Victoria to Prince Charles (R = 0.0624)
Figure 33 Irregular Double Grandparent
Figure 34 Irregular Double Great Grandparent
Figure 35 Irregular Multiple Direct Relationship
Figure 36 Edward III to Richard (Duke of York) (R = 0.1556)
Figure 37 George III to George VI (R = 0.0934)
Figure 38 Edward III to James V of Scotland (R = 0.0331)
Figure 39 Close Inbreeding (Incest)
Figure 41 Single Direct Relationships (All Unilineal)
Figure 42 Double Grandparent - Grandchild (Bilineal Only)
Figure 43 Unilineal Double Direct Relationships
Figure 44 Further Bilineal Double Direct Relationships
Figure 45 Unilineal Multiple Direct Relationships
Figure 46 Bilineal Multiple Direct Relationships
Figure 47 Variant Form of Double Half First Cousins (Unilineal)
Figure 48 Conventional Double Half First Cousins (Bilineal)
Figure 49 Male, Female and Mixed Direct Lines
Figure 50 TheSaxons (8 generations - 16 kings)
Figure 51 The Plantagenets (11 generations - 14 kings)
Figure 52 The Scottish Stuarts (7 generations - 7 kings))
Figure 53 House of Hanover (5 generations - 5 kings)
Figure 54 House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha/Windsor (3 generations - 4 kings)
Figure 55 Diagrammatic Representation of Sex Chromosomes in Birds and Mammals
Figure 56 Father - Daughter Incest
Figure 57 Grandfather - Granddaughter Incest
Figure 64 Father-in-law and Son-in-law
Figure 65 Mother-in-law and Daughter-in-law
Figure 66 Grandfather-in-law and Grandson-in-law
Figure 67 Grandmother-in-law and Granddaughter-in-law
Figure 68 Stepfather and Stepmother
Figure 69 Stepson and Stepdaughter
Figure 70 Stepgrandfather and Stepgrandmother
Figure 71 Stepgrandson and Stepgranddaughter
Figure 72 Stepfathers and Stepmothers
Figure 73 Stepsons and Stepdaughters
Figure 74 Stepgrandfathers and Stepgrandmothers
Figure 75 Stepgrandsons and Stepgranddaughters
Figure 76 Stepbrother and Stepsister
Figure 78 Serial Marriages to the Same Person
Figure 79 Stepuncle and Stepaunt
Figure 80 Stepnephew and Stepniece
lass=MsoTof > Figure 81 Marriage to Father-in-lawFigure 82 Marriage to Sister-in-law
Figure 83 Marriage to Niece-in-law
Figure 84 Marriage to Grandfather-in-law (Husband's Grandfather)
Figure 85 Marriage to Stepmother
Figure 86 Marriage to Stepsister
Figure 87 Marriage to Father-in-law
Figure 88 Marriage to Mother-in-law
Figure 89 Marriage to Son-in-law
Figure 90 Marriage to Daughter-in-law
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